The longest records are from the deep sedimentary basins Bogotá (Funza09, last 2.25 Ma) and Fúquene (last 284 ka), alternatingly located in the upper montane forest and páramo during interglacial and glacial conditions, respectively. 12 ka), followed by the savannas of the Llanos Orientales (ca. 7 thousand years before present, ka) and dry inter–Andean forest (ca. Fossil pollen records have detected biome dynamics through time but records vary in length: the shortest comes from the Chocó rainforest (extending back to ca. The distribution of Colombia's main ecosystems has changed repeatedly driven by orbital forcing at 21, 41, and 100 ky frequencies which were superimposed by millennial–scale (ca. This period is characterised by a suite of glacial–interglacial cycles which are remarkably well documented in Colombian sediments. We provide an overview of environmental and climatic change in Colombia during the Quaternary, the last ca. Gestión de Oficialización y Productos oficializados.Investigación y monitoreo actividad volcánica.Investigación y monitoreo actividad sísmica.Consulta de información Geoquímica y Geofísica.Resultados de gestión de participación ciudadana.Participa en la formulación de políticas.
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